Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis) infusions and probabilistic risk assessment of exposure]]> The aim of this study was to assess the risk of exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) from yerba mate infusions in Uruguay using the margin of exposure approach (MOE) and a probabilistic method (Monte Carlo simulation). Servings/day, portion size, weekly frequency of mate consumption and body weight were the factors considered. The amount in infusions of benz[a]pyrene (B[a]P), PAH2 (sum of chrysene and B[a]P), and PAH4 (sum of benz[a]anthracene, chrysene, benz[b]fluoranthene and B[a]P) were used as markers of PAH exposure. Total content of PAH in infusions had large inter-brand variability (48–54 %) with significant differences among brands. PAH content in infusions prepared as habitually consumed was about 40 % of total content. The probability of occurrence of MOE < 10,000 varied according to the infusion preparation and the marker of exposure used, being higher for infusions prepared for total content and when B[a]P was used as marker of exposure. When the average B[a]P amount in infusion as habitually consumed was used in the simulation model, the probability of MOE < 10,000 was 9 %. The main factors contributing to B[a]P MOE variance were B[a]P amount (28.4 %), servings/day (17.3 %), and portion size (9.6 %). Heavy drinkers of yerba mate with high B[a]P content are those at risk to PAH exposure from mate infusions.

]]> Menoni, Carolina]]> Marino Donangelo, Carmen]]> Rufo, Caterina]]> Información sobre Derechos de Autor

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La legislación uruguaya protege el derecho de autor sobre toda creación literaria, científica o artística, tanto en lo que tiene que ver con sus derechos morales, como en lo referente a los derechos patrimoniales con sujeción a lo establecido por el derecho común y las siguientes leyes (LEY 9.739 DE 17 DE DICIEMBRE DE 1937 SOBRE PROPIEDAD LITERARIA Y ARTISTICA CON LAS MODIFICACIONES INTRODUCIDAS POR LA LEY DE DERECHO DE AUTOR Y DERECHOS CONEXOS No. 17.616 DE 10 DE ENERO DE 2003, LEY 17.805 DE 26 DE AGOSTO DE 2004, LEY 18.046 DE 24 DE OCTUBRE DE 2006 LEY 18.046 DE 24 DE OCTUBRE DE 2006)

]]> Elucidating the electronic and magnetic properties of epitaxial graphene grown on SiC with a defective buffer layer]]> The epitaxial graphene layer (EG) grown on silicon carbide (SiC) is severely affected by the presence of the underlying graphene buffer layer (BL). However, little information is available on the alteration of the magnetic and electronic properties of the top layer when the BL presents structural defects. Herein, by
means of first-principle density functional calculations, we investigate the electronic and magnetic properties of the SiC–BL–EG system, with a single vacancy, divacancy or a Stone–Wales defective buffer layer. Our results indicate that new highly stable magnetic states are observed in the SiC–BL–EG nondefective and defective systems, as compared to the SiC–BL models. In addition, the energy differences among the degenerate magnetic states originally found in the SiC-defective systems are further reduced upon inclusion of the EG layer.
Interestingly, for the single-vacancy system, a p-type doping is noticed in the spin down channel of the M = 4 lB configuration. This is in sharp contrast with the n-type doping generally measured for EG. Moreover, charge neutrality was observed in two cases namely, the half-semimetal ferromagnetic configurations of the non-defective and the single-vacancy systems. This result may open new avenues to control the electronic doping of the epitaxial graphene layer via defect engineering.

]]> Pereyra Huelmo, C.]]> Iribarne, Federico]]> Denis, Pablo A.]]> Información sobre Derechos de Autor

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]]> The Distribution of Onion Virulence Gene Clusters Among Pantoea spp.]]> Pantoea ananatis is a gram-negative bacterium and the primary causal agent of center rot of onions in Georgia. Previous genomic studies identified two virulence gene clusters, HiVir and alt, associated with center rot. The HiVir gene cluster is required to induce necrosis on onion tissues via synthesis of pantaphos, (2-hydroxy[phosphonomethyl) maleate), a phosphonate phytotoxin. The alt gene cluster aids in tolerance
to thiosulfinates generated during onion tissue damage. Whole genome sequencing of other Pantoea species suggests that these gene clusters are present outside of P. ananatis. To assess the distribution of these gene clusters, two PCR primer sets were designed to detect the presence of HiVir and alt. Two hundred fifty-two strains of Pantoea spp. were phenotyped using the red onion scale necrosis (RSN) assay and were genotyped using PCR for the presence of these virulence genes. A diverse panel of strains from three distinct culture collections comprised of 24 Pantoea species, 41 isolation sources, and 23 countries, collected from 1946–2019, was tested. There is a
significant association between the alt PCR assay and Pantoea strains recovered from symptomatic onion (P < 0.001). There is also a significant association of a positive HiVir PCR and RSN assay among P. ananatis strains but not among Pantoea spp.,
congeners. This may indicate a divergent HiVir cluster or different pathogenicity and virulence mechanisms. Last, we describe natural alt positive [RSN C /HiVir C /alt C ]
P. ananatis strains, which cause extensive bulb necrosis in a neck-to-bulb infection assay compared to alt negative [RSN C /HiVir C /alt

]]> Stice, Shaun P.]]> Shin, Gi Yoon]]> De Armas, Stefanie]]> Koirala, Santosh]]> Galván, Guillermo A.]]> Siri, María Inés]]> Severns, Paul M.]]> Coutinho, Teresa]]> Dutta, Bhabesh]]> Kvitko, Brian H.]]> Información sobre Derechos de Autor

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]]> https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2021.643787]]> Significant sugar-reduction in dairy products targeted at children is possible without affecting hedonic perception]]> The objective of the present studywas to evaluate children's hedonic sensitivity to sugar reduction in three dairy products: vanilla milk desserts, chocolate-flavoured milk, and vanilla yoghurt. For each product, a regular sample and five samples with different reduction in added-sugar content were formulated. The regular sample contained the sugar content of commercial products available in the marketplace. The
reduction in added-sugar content ranged between 10.0 and 41.0%. A total of 126 children (8e13 years old) participated in the study. An A-not A test was used to evaluate children's hedonic sensitivity to sugar reduction. Sugar reductions up to 27% in chocolate flavoured milk and vanilla yoghurt, and up to 19% in vanilla milk desserts, did not cause significant changes in children's hedonic reaction. These results confirm that sugar-reduction strategies can be easily implemented in the dairy industry without significant risk of affecting sample appreciation and market share.

]]> Velázquez, Ana Laura]]> Vidal, Leticia]]> Alcaire, Florencia]]> Varela, Paula]]> Ares, Gastón]]> Información sobre Derechos de Autor

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]]> Control of damping-off in tomato seedlings exerted by Serratia spp.strains and identification of inhibitory bacterial volatiles in vitro]]> Abreo, Eduardo]]> Valle, Diana]]> González, Andrés]]> Altier, Nora]]> Información sobre Derechos de Autor

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]]> Screening known cerambycidae pheromones for activity with the Peruvian fauna]]> 2 Trapping studies that screen known attractants in off-shore mitigation programs can provide valuable baseline knowledge to inform management of species introduced outside their native range.
3 Known Cerambycidae pheromones were screened for activity in a year-long field study in Peru to look for activity in the local Cerambycidae fauna.
4 The most frequently captured species were Megacyllene andesiana (Casey), Oreodera
bituberculata Bates, Aegomorphus longitarsis (Bates) and Discopus eques Bates.
5 The activity period of A. longitarsis, O. bituberculata and D. eques occurred in mid-September 2020 and for M. andesiana occurred in early October 2020.
6 Responses to anti-2,3-hexanediol, fuscumol and fuscumol acetate by M. andesiana, O. bituberculata and D. eques were observed.
7 We observed antagonism of the responses of M. andesiana, O. bituberculata and D. eques when anti-2,3-hexanediol, fuscumol and fuscumol acetate were tested in blends.]]> Aguirre Gil, Oniel J.]]> Paredes Espinosa, Richard]]> Aguiar Briones, Rosel]]> Mezones Alarcon, Iris]]> Guerrero Vejarano, Tania E.]]> Monné, Marcela L.]]> González, Andrés]]> Allison, Jeremy]]> Información sobre Derechos de Autor

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ADVERTENCIA - La consulta de este documento queda condicionada a la aceptación de las siguientes condiciones de uso: Este documento es únicamente para usos privados enmarcados en actividades de investigación y docencia. No se autoriza su reproducción con fines de lucro. Esta reserva de derechos afecta tanto los datos del documento como a sus contenidos. En la utilización o cita de partes debe indicarse el nombre de la persona autora.]]> Construcción y uso de un accesorio de reflexión total atenuada para el espectrofotómetro Beckman DU]]> Se fundamenta y detalla la construcción de un accesorio de reflexión total atenuada (ATR) para el espectro-fotómetro Beckman DU, según diseño del Prof. T. Hirschfeld.

Junto con los datos y las constantes del aparato se exponen los primers resultados obtenidos, que indican que funciona en forma satisfactoria.

Se ve que los espectros del nitrato de amonio sólido se obtienen adecuadamente.

]]> Krebs, Germán]]> Montevideo : UdelaR-Facultad de Química]]> Información sobre Derechos de Autor

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La legislación uruguaya protege el derecho de autor sobre toda creación literaria, científica o artística, tanto en lo que tiene que ver con sus derechos morales, como en lo referente a los derechos patrimoniales con sujeción a lo establecido por el derecho común y las siguientes leyes (LEY 9.739 DE 17 DE DICIEMBRE DE 1937 SOBRE PROPIEDAD LITERARIA Y ARTISTICA CON LAS MODIFICACIONES INTRODUCIDAS POR LA LEY DE DERECHO DE AUTOR Y DERECHOS CONEXOS No. 17.616 DE 10 DE ENERO DE 2003, LEY 17.805 DE 26 DE AGOSTO DE 2004, LEY 18.046 DE 24 DE OCTUBRE DE 2006)

ADVERTENCIA - La consulta de este documento queda condicionada a la aceptación de las siguientes condiciones de uso: Este documento es únicamente para usos privados enmarcados en actividades de investigación y docencia. No se autoriza su reproducción con fines de lucro. Esta reserva de derechos afecta tanto los datos del documento como a sus contenidos. En la utilización o cita de partes debe indicarse el nombre de la persona autora.

]]> Cálculo de coordenadas y distancias en moléculas planas – Teoría y programa en Fortran.]]> Se utiliza un metódo de cálculo, basado en los productos escalar y vectorial de versores dirigidos a lo largo de una poligonal trazada sobre los enlaces de una molécula plana, para realizar una rutina de cálculo, en FORTRAN IV, que permite determinar las coordenadas de todos los átomos y las distancias entre un átomo dado y todos los demás, aparte de otros parámetros geométricos.

En el cálculo, se hace uso de los elementos de simetría de la molécula en cuestión.

La subrturina se probó en el Sistea IBM 360/44 del Centro de Computación de la Universidad, estando integrada actualmente a nuestros progrmas de cálculos mécanico-cuánticos.

]]> Krebs, Germán]]> Información sobre Derechos de Autor

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]]> Programa en Fortran para el estudio de moléculas por el método LCAO simple (Método de Hückel).

]]> Se hizo un programa en Fortran IV para realizar cálculos por el método LCAO (combinación lineal de orbitales atómicos) simple, o método de Hückel.

Los resultados de este programa son los valores y vectores propios, de los cuales se obienen las densidades de carga electrónica y los ordenes de enlace, además de la energía π total y la deslocalización.

Por supuesto, estos valores pueden convertirse en momeno dipolar, reactividad química, energía de transicion, etc.

El porgrama se probó en el Sistema IBM 360/44 del Centro de Comptación de la Universidad.

Se dejan ejemplos de la utilización del programa.

]]> Krebs, Germán]]> Montevideo : UdelaR-Facultad de Química]]> Información sobre Derechos de Autor

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]]> (I) Regresión y correlación lineal (II) Regresión cuadrática – Programación en Fortran IV.]]> Krebs, Germán]]> Presto, Jorge]]> Feldmann, Eduardo]]> Montevideo : UdelaR-Facultad de Química]]> Información sobre Derechos de Autor

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]]> Determinación de sodio, potasio y calcio en muestras de feldespatos del orden del miligramo.

1) Por espectrofotometría de llama.

2) Por espectrografía de arco.

]]> Con objeto de determinar cuantitativamente y en forma simultánea sodio, potasio y calcio, en muestras únicas de feldespatos, del orden del miligramo, se ponen en marcha dos técnicas. Una de ellas utiliza espectrofotometría de llama y la otra espectrografía de arco.

La primera, de manipulación más simple que la segunda, permite determinar los porcentajes en óxido con un error máximo del 25 %, y un error promedial de 15 %.

La segunda (con "standard interno" y "buffer espectrográfico") da un error máximo que oscila entre 30% y 40 % según el elemento. El error promedial es del 20 %. Esta última, trabajando con triplicados (cuando se dispone de muestra suficiente) permite errores del orden del 6% al 10%.

En muestras de este orden (1 mg), en general, no se puede esperar más que un semicuantitativo, pues aunque se buscan coponentes mayores, dada la pequeñez de la muestra, el problema equivale a una determinación de trazas. Esto hace que los resultados obtenidos se pueden considerar aceptables, si no se dispone de medios técnicos más adecuados.

]]> Krebs, Germán]]> Montevideo : UdelaR-Facultad de Química]]> Información sobre Derechos de Autor

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]]> Cálculo de coordenadas y distancias en moléculas tridimensionales]]> Se construye un método sistemático de cálculo de las coordenadas atómicas en moléculas tridimensionales.

Se utilizan versores dirigidos a lo largo de los enlaces, un sistema de coordenadas esféricas asociadas a cada átomo y operaciones de simetría.

La subrutina Fortran programada se probó en el Sistema IBM 360/44 del Centro de Computación de la Universidad. Este cálculo de coordenadas se utiliza luego en los programas de química cuántica.

]]> Krebs, Germán]]> Montevideo : UdelaR-Facultad de Química]]> Información sobre Derechos de Autor

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]]> Programa para la representación 3D con el plotter del Centro de Cómputos del CCUR]]> Krebs, Germán]]> Montevideo : UdelaR-Facultad de Química]]> Información sobre Derechos de Autor

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]]> Obtención de gráficos de densidad electrónica molecular (pi).]]> Krebs, Germán]]> Montevideo : UdelaR-Facultad de Química]]> Información sobre Derechos de Autor

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]]> Programa para mejorar resolución de espectros]]> Montevideo : UdelaR-Facultad de Química]]> Información sobre Derechos de Autor

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]]> Estudio mecánico-cuántico de algunos equilibrios cetona-énol.]]> Se estudia la correlación entre constantes de equilibrio experimentales ceto-enol y magnitudes calculadas por métodos mecánico-cuánticos para algunas cetonas.

Los cálculos involucran energías por el método ENT (Extended Nuekel Theory) y funciones termodinámicas en la aproximación rotor rígido-oscilador armónico.

]]> Krebs, Germán]]> Sosa, Ramón]]> Información sobre Derechos de Autor

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]]> Estructura electrónica del benzofurazano y algunos derivados – espectros electrónicos.

]]> HISTORIA

]]> Krebs, Germán]]> Sosa, Ramón]]> XI Congreso Latinoamericano de Química, Universidad Católica de Chile]]> Información sobre Derechos de Autor

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]]> Estructura electrónica del benzofurazano y algunos derivados - estado fundamental]]> Krebs, Germán]]> Sosa, Ramón]]> Información sobre Derechos de Autor

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]]> The Lymphocytic Scavenger Receptor CD5 Shows Therapeutic Potential in Mouse Models of Fungal Infection]]> Invasive fungal diseases represent an unmet clinical need that could benefit from novel immunotherapeutic approaches. Host pattern recognition receptors (e.g., Toll-like receptors, C-type lectins, or scavenger receptors) that sense conserved fungal cell wall constituents may provide suitable immunotherapeutic antifungal agents. Thus, we explored the therapeutic potential of the lymphocyte class I scavenger receptor CD5, a nonredundant component of the antifungal host immune
response that binds to fungal -glucans. Antifungal properties of the soluble ectodomain of human CD5 (shCD5) were assessed in vivo in experimental models of systemic fungal infection induced by pathogenic species (Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans). In vitro mechanistic studies were performed by means of fungus-spleen cell cocultures. shCD5-induced survival of lethally infected mice was dose and time dependent and concomitant with reduced fungal load and increased leukocyte infiltration in the primary target organ. Additive effects were observed in vivo after shCD5 was combined with suboptimal doses of fluconazole. Ex vivo addition of shCD5 to fungus-spleen cell cocultures increased the release of proinflammatory cytokines involved in antifungal defense (tumor necrosis factor alpha and gamma interferon) and reduced the number of viable C. albicans organisms. The results prompt further exploration of the adjunctive therapeutic potential of shCD5 in severe invasive fungal diseases.

]]> Velasco de Andrés, María]]> Català, Cristina]]> Casadó Llombart, Sergi]]> Martínez Florensa, Mario]]> Simões, Inês]]> García Luna, Joaquín]]> Mourglia Ettlin, Gustavo]]> Zaragoza, Óscar]]> Carreras, Esther]]> Lozanoa, Francisco]]> Información sobre Derechos de Autor

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]]> https://doi.org/10.1128/AAC.01103-20 ]]> Synthesis, characterization, 31P{1H} NMR, X-ray structure and voltammetric study of 2-mercaptothiazolines and phosphines ruthenium(II) complexe]]> Appelt, Patrícia]]> de Lara, Camila M.]]> da Silva, Juliana P.]]> da Silva, Janaína S.]]> Sandrino, Bianca]]> Alvarez, Natalia]]> Ellena, Javier A.]]> Back, Davi F.]]> de Araujo, Márcio P.]]> Información sobre Derechos de Autor

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]]> Expression and distribution of glutathione transferases in protoscoleces of Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato]]> Glutathione transferases (GSTs) belong to a diverse superfamily of multifunctional proteins involved in metabolic detoxification. In helminth parasite, GSTs are particularly relevant since they are also involved in host immunomodulation. Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato (s.l.) is a cestode parasite known to express at least three phylogenetically distant cytosolic GSTs: EgGST1 and EgGST2 previously grouped within Mu and Sigma classes, respectively; and EgGST3 related to both Omega and Sigma classes. To better characterize E. granulosus s.l. GSTs, herein their expression and distribution were assessed in the pre-adult protoscolex (PSC) parasite stage. Potential transcriptional regulatory mechanisms of the corresponding EgGST genes were also explored. Firstly, the transcription of the three EgGSTs was significantly induced during the early stages of the murine model of infection, suggesting a potential role during parasite establishment. EgGST1 was detected in the parenchyma of PSCs and its expression increased after H2O2 exposure, supporting its role in detoxification. EgGST2 was mainly detected on the PSCs tegument, strategically localized for potential immunoregulation functions due to its Sigma-class characteristics. In addition, its expression increased after anthelmintic treatment, suggesting a role in chemotherapy
resistance. Finally, the Omega-related EgGST3 was localized throughout the entire PSC body, including suckers and tegument, and since its expression also increased after H2O2 treatment, a potential role in oxidative stress response could also be ascribed. On the other hand, known cis-acting regulatory motifs were detected in EgGST genes, suggesting similar transcription processes to other eukaryotes. The results herein reported provide additional data regarding the roles of EgGSTs in E. granulosus s.l. biology, contributing to a better understanding of its host-parasite interaction.

]]> Arbildi, Paula]]> La Rocca, Silvana]]> Kun, Alejandra]]> Lorenzatto, Karina R.]]> Monteiro, Karina M.]]> Zaha, Arnaldo]]> Mourglia-Ettlin, Gustavo]]> Ferreira, Henrique B.]]> Fernández, Verónica]]> Información sobre Derechos de Autor

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]]> Single-Molecule Vibrational Spectroscopy: Cobalt Tetraphenylporphyrin Deposited on a Cu2N Ultrathin Insulating Layer ]]> The electronic and vibrational properties of cobalt tetraphenylporphyrin (CoTPP) molecules deposited onto a
Cu2N−Cu(100) surface were studied by scanning tunneling microscopy. The Cu2N spacer layer promoted the decoupling between the localized electronic states of CoTPP and the metallic substrate, enabling the observation of electronic states of nearly free molecules. The experimental results are supported by ab initio calculations, and the correspondence with C−H and C−C bonding
vibrations detected by inelastic electron tunneling spectroscopy (IETS) has been shown. For molecules adsorbed at the interface
between Cu2N and Cu, the IETS signal was also observed.

]]> Baggio, Bruna F.]]> Chen, Weijiong]]> Montenegro, Benjamín]]> Tumelero, Milton A.]]> Faciio, Ricardo]]> Zoldan, Vinicius C.]]> Gao, Chunlei]]> Pasa, André A.]]> American Chemical Society]]> Información sobre Derechos de Autor (Por favor lea este aviso antes de abrir los documentos u objetos)

]]> https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.0c08722]]> Revalorization of chicken feather waste into a high antioxidant activity feather protein hydrolysate using a novel psychrotolerant bacterium]]> In this study, we assessed the capacity of Pedobacter sp. 3.14.7 —a novel Antarctic keratinolytic bacterium— of producing a feather protein hydrolysate (FPH) with high antioxidant activity. This strain was able to degrade raw feather into protein hydrolysate under optimal conditions of 30 g l- 1 of feather concentration, pH 6.0, and 20 ◦C. Maximum enzymatic activity was detected after a 192-h cultivation period (125.67 ± 3.06 U ml- 1). Quenching of the ABTS radical (2,20-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline)-6-sulfonic acid) by the hydrolysate reached a value of approximately 95%, with a 50% Inhibitory Concentration (IC50) value of 0.57 ± 0.01 g l- 1. An interesting reducing power of the FPH towards Fe+3 was also detected (2.19 Abs700 units in the presence of 2.03 g - 1 protein). The hydrolysate also displayed a moderate nitric oxide-scavenging activity, with an IC50 of 0.53 ± 0.01 g l- 1. This FPH’s free amino acid content is high (almost 5 g l- 1). Results indicate that this hydrolysate may be useful as supplementary protein and antioxidant in animal feed formulations.

]]> Bezus, Brenda]]> Ruscasso, Florencia]]> Garmendia, Gabriela]]> Vero, Silvana]]> Cavello, Ivana]]> Cavalitto, Sebastián]]> Información sobre Derechos de Autor (Por favor lea este aviso antes de abrir los documentos u objetos)

]]> 10.1016/j.bcab.2021.101925 ]]> Study of emulsifying properties of soluble proteins obtained from defatted rice bran concentrate ]]> Rice (Oryza sativa) is one of the most frequently produced cereals in the world. Rice bran (RB) is obtained as a by-product in the rice milling process. A part of the RB is used for oil extraction, obtaining defatted rice bran as a second by-product.
The aim of this work was to analyze the emulsifying properties of soluble proteins fraction present in defatted rice bran concentrate (DRBC) in acidic and neutral conditions. Fine emulsions (prepared by high-speed and ultrasound
homogenization) stabilized with soluble proteins obtained from DRBC showed a mean particle size lower than coarse emulsions (prepared by only high-speed homogenization) and a significantly lower degree of overall destabilization. Coarse emulsions showed sigmoidal destabilization profiles at pH 4.5 and 7.0, related to the existence of two populations with different particle sizes. In fine emulsions, both pH provided lower particle sizes and greater stability. After 24 h
of quiescent storage, the coarse emulsions showed an increase of particle size that was not observed in fine emulsions. Both types of emulsions showed a Newtonian-type behavior. Fine emulsions showed higher viscosity values and higher lightness than coarse emulsions, consistent with the reduction of particle
size and increase in the number of particles. The soluble proteins obtained from a waste of the rice industry can be used to obtain stable fine oil-in-water emulsions in acidic and neutral conditions. This result is of interest since it could be used as
a food ingredient, increasing the added value of this important by-product.

]]> Bonifacino, Carla]]> Palazolo, Gonzalo]]> Panizzolo, Luis A.]]> Abirached, Cecilia]]> Información sobre Derechos de Autor

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ADVERTENCIA: La consulta de este documento queda condicionada a la aceptación de las siguientes condiciones de uso: Este documento es únicamente para usos privados enmarcados en actividades de investigación y docencia. No se autoriza su reproducción con fines de lucro. Esta reserva de derechos afecta tanto los datos del documento como a sus contenidos. En la utilización o cita de partes debe indicarse el nombre de la persona autora.]]> 10.1002/aocs.12518]]> Microcystin ELISA in water and animal serum for an integrated environmental monitoring strategy]]> Free-range livestock can be exposed to toxic cyanobacteria by drinking water from eutrophic natural sources. This study reports on the analysis of livestock drinking water sources from ranches in an eutrophic subtropical basin of South America (33ºS, 57°W), where frequent Microcystis spp. blooms and occasionally dense scums were found. To minimise monitoring costs, microcystins (MCs) were determined in serum and water with an in-house developed enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The water results were compared with those of liquid chromatography – tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) for the most common congeners (MC-LR, MC-RR; MC-YR, MC-LA). Both methods were strongly correlated along a broad range of concentrations. The concentrations of MCs in the livestock drinking water were up to 3,700 μg/L. This is about 1,000 times higher than the Australian and New Zealand livestock MCs guidance values (cattle = 4.2; sheep = 3.9 μg/L) as well as the California-EPA sub-chronic action level (3 μg/L) and implies a high risk of poisoning. The animals exposed to MCs concentrations 70–100 times higher than these guidelines showed no significant alterations in liver enzymes. Nevertheless, serum concentrations of up to 0.11 μg/L MCs were recorded by ELISA. These results reveal the potential of MCs-ELISA in serum as a sensitive, minimally invasive method for risk assessment in integrated environmental monitoring strategies.

]]> Brena, Beatriz M.]]> Font, Elizabeth]]> Pírez Schirmer, Macarena]]> Badagian, Natalia]]> Cardozo, Elena]]> Pérez Parada, Andrés]]> Bonilla, Sylvia]]> Información sobre Derechos de Autor

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