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                <text>&lt;strong&gt;Expression and distribution of glutathione transferases in protoscoleces of Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato&lt;/strong&gt;</text>
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                <text>GLUTATION TRANSFERASAS</text>
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                <text>&lt;p&gt;Glutathione transferases (GSTs) belong to a diverse superfamily of multifunctional proteins involved in metabolic detoxification. In helminth parasite, GSTs are particularly relevant since they are also involved in host immunomodulation. Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato (s.l.) is a cestode parasite known to express at least three phylogenetically distant cytosolic GSTs: EgGST1 and EgGST2 previously grouped within Mu and Sigma classes, respectively; and EgGST3 related to both Omega and Sigma classes. To better characterize E. granulosus s.l. GSTs, herein their expression and distribution were assessed in the pre-adult protoscolex (PSC) parasite stage. Potential transcriptional regulatory mechanisms of the corresponding EgGST genes were also explored. Firstly, the transcription of the three EgGSTs was significantly induced during the early stages of the murine model of infection, suggesting a potential role during parasite establishment. EgGST1 was detected in the parenchyma of PSCs and its expression increased after H2O2 exposure, supporting its role in detoxification. EgGST2 was mainly detected on the PSCs tegument, strategically localized for potential immunoregulation functions due to its Sigma-class characteristics. In addition, its expression increased after anthelmintic treatment, suggesting a role in chemotherapy&lt;br /&gt;resistance. Finally, the Omega-related EgGST3 was localized throughout the entire PSC body, including suckers and tegument, and since its expression also increased after H2O2 treatment, a potential role in oxidative stress response could also be ascribed. On the other hand, known cis-acting regulatory motifs were detected in EgGST genes, suggesting similar transcription processes to other eukaryotes. The results herein reported provide additional data regarding the roles of EgGSTs in E. granulosus s.l. biology, contributing to a better understanding of its host-parasite interaction.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;strong&gt;Arbildi, Paula&lt;/strong&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;strong&gt;Lorenzatto, Karina R.&lt;/strong&gt;</text>
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                <text>Acta Tropica,&amp;nbsp;v. 221, 2021. -- e105991</text>
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                <text>&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Informaci&amp;oacute;n sobre Derechos de Autor&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;(Por favor lea este aviso antes de abrir los documentos u objetos)&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;La legislaci&amp;oacute;n uruguaya protege el derecho&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;de autor sobre toda creaci&amp;oacute;n literaria, cient&amp;iacute;fica o art&amp;iacute;stica, tanto en lo que tiene que ver con sus derechos morales, como en lo referente a los derechos patrimoniales con sujeci&amp;oacute;n a lo establecido por el derecho com&amp;uacute;n y las siguientes leyes (LEY 9.739 DE 17 DE DICIEMBRE DE 1937 SOBRE PROPIEDAD LITERARIA Y ARTISTICA CON LAS MODIFICACIONES INTRODUCIDAS POR LA LEY DE DERECHO DE AUTOR Y DERECHOS CONEXOS No. 17.616 DE 10 DE ENERO DE 2003, LEY 17.805 DE 26 DE AGOSTO DE 2004, LEY 18.046 DE 24 DE OCTUBRE DE 2006)&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;ADVERTENCIA -&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;La consulta de este documento queda condicionada a la aceptaci&amp;oacute;n de las siguientes condiciones de uso: Este documento es &amp;uacute;nicamente para usos privados enmarcados en actividades de investigaci&amp;oacute;n y docencia. No se autoriza su reproducci&amp;oacute;n con fines de lucro. Esta reserva de derechos afecta tanto los datos del documento como a sus contenidos. En la utilizaci&amp;oacute;n o cita de partes debe indicarse el nombre de la persona autora.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;strong&gt;Identification of novel glutathione transferases in Echinococcus granulosus : An evolutionary perspective&lt;/strong&gt;</text>
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                <text>ENZIMAS</text>
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                <text>Glutathione transferase enzymes (GSTs) constitute a major detoxification system in helminth parasites and have been related to the modulation of host immune response mechanisms. At least three different GSTs classes have been described in Platyhelminthes: Mu, Sigma and Omega. Mining the genome of Echinococcus multilocularis and the ESTs databases of Taenia solium and E. granulosus identified two new GSTs from the cestode E. granulosus, named EgGST2 and EgGST3. It also revealed that the Omega class of GSTs was absent from the Taenidae family. EgGST2 and EgGST3 are actively expressed in the parasite. In order to know the origin of these new GSTs, in silico analyses were performed. While EgGST2 is classified as belonging to the Sigma class, the data obtained for EgGST3 allowed a less clear interpretation. The study of the evolutionary relatedness based on the C-terminal domain sequence, gene structure conservation and three-dimensional structure predictions, suggests that EgGST3 is derived from the Platyhelminthes' Sigma-class cluster. Interestingly, the N-terminal domain displays some characteristic Omega-class residues, including a Cys residue that is likely to be involved in the catalytic mechanism. We discuss different evolutionary scenarios that could explain the observed patterns.</text>
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                <text>&lt;strong&gt;Iriarte, Ana&lt;/strong&gt;</text>
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                <text>Acta Tropica v. 123, 2012. -- p. 208-216</text>
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                <text>&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Informaci&amp;oacute;n sobre Derechos de Autor&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;(Por favor lea este aviso antes de abrir los documentos u objetos)&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;La legislaci&amp;oacute;n uruguaya protege el derecho&lt;/strong&gt; de autor sobre toda creaci&amp;oacute;n literaria, cient&amp;iacute;fica o art&amp;iacute;stica, tanto en lo que tiene que ver con sus derechos morales, como en lo referente a los derechos patrimoniales con sujeci&amp;oacute;n a lo establecido por el derecho com&amp;uacute;n y las siguientes leyes (LEY 9.739 DE 17 DE DICIEMBRE DE 1937 SOBRE PROPIEDAD LITERARIA Y ARTISTICA CON LAS MODIFICACIONES INTRODUCIDAS POR LA LEY DE DERECHO DE AUTOR Y DERECHOS CONEXOS No. 17.616 DE 10 DE ENERO DE 2003, LEY 17.805 DE 26 DE AGOSTO DE 2004, LEY 18.046 DE 24 DE OCTUBRE DE 2006)&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;ADVERTENCIA -&lt;/strong&gt; La consulta de este documento queda condicionada a la aceptaci&amp;oacute;n de las siguientes condiciones de uso: Este documento es &amp;uacute;nicamente para usos privados enmarcados en actividades de investigaci&amp;oacute;n y docencia. No se autoriza su reproducci&amp;oacute;n con fines de lucro. Esta reserva de derechos afecta tanto los datos del documento como a sus contenidos. En la utilizaci&amp;oacute;n o cita de partes debe indicarse el nombre de la persona autora.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;strong&gt;Characterization of catalytic and non-catalytic activities of EgGST2-3, a heterodimeric glutathione transferase from Echinococcus granulosus&lt;/strong&gt;</text>
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                <text>ENZIMAS</text>
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                <text>GLUTATION TRANSFERASA</text>
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                <text>2018</text>
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                <text>Glutathione transferases (GSTs) perform several catalytic and non-catalytic roles in the defense against toxicities of electrophile compounds and oxidative stress, and therefore are involved in stress-response and cell detoxification. Previously, we have provided evidence indicating that EgGST2 and EgGST3, two phylogenetically distant Echinococcus granulosus GSTs, can naturally form a heterodimeric structure (EgGST2-3). In the present work, the recombinant heterodimer GST (rEgGST2-3) is characterized. Hence, rEgGST2-3 was able to conjugate GSH to three substrates: 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB, general substrate for GSTs), 1,2-dichloro-4-nitrobenzene (specific substrate for mammalian Mu class) and trans,trans-deca-2,4-dienal (reactive carbonyl). The canonical activity was considerably reduced by all the conventional inhibitors (cybacron blue, triphenylthin chloride and bromosulfophthalein) and by other inhibitors (ellagic acid, alizarin and chenodeoxycholic acid). Besides this, rEgGST2-3 activity was inhibited by a number of anthelmintic drugs, where the halogenated phenolic drugs (mainly bithionol and hexachlorophene) acted as stronger inhibitors, suggesting they may bind to the EgGST2-3. Moreover, rEgGST2-3 exhibited glutathione-peroxidase activity, and its specific constant (kcat/KM) was calculated. Finally, rEgGST2-3 displayed the ability to bind non-substrate molecules, particularly anthelmintic drugs, suggesting that ligandin activity may have potential to act as a passive protection parasite mechanism. Overall, the rEgGST2-3 behavior was shown to be both complementary and redundant to that reported for rEgGST1, another characterized GST from E. granulosus. It would be appropriate that different enzymes in the same organism do not have exactly the same functional properties to develop a better adaptation to life in the host.</text>
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                <text>&lt;strong&gt;L&amp;oacute;pez, Ver&amp;oacute;nica.&lt;/strong&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;strong&gt;La Rocca, S.&lt;/strong&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;strong&gt;Arbildi Torres, Paula.&lt;/strong&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;a title="Curriculum Vitae" href="http://buscadores.anii.org.uy/buscador_sni/exportador/ExportarPdf?hash=df0341a1f28a6244d86ad94a750c3ec2" target="_self"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Fern&amp;aacute;ndez, Ver&amp;oacute;nica.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>Acta Tropica&amp;nbsp; v. 180, 2018. -- p. 69-75</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="492793">
                <text>Elsevier</text>
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                <text>&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Informaci&amp;oacute;n sobre Derechos de Autor&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;(Por favor lea este aviso antes de abrir los documentos u objetos)&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;La legislaci&amp;oacute;n uruguaya protege el derecho&lt;/strong&gt; de autor sobre toda creaci&amp;oacute;n literaria, cient&amp;iacute;fica o art&amp;iacute;stica, tanto en lo que tiene que ver con sus derechos morales, como en lo referente a los derechos patrimoniales con sujeci&amp;oacute;n a lo establecido por el derecho com&amp;uacute;n y las siguientes leyes (LEY 9.739 DE 17 DE DICIEMBRE DE 1937 SOBRE PROPIEDAD LITERARIA Y ARTISTICA CON LAS MODIFICACIONES INTRODUCIDAS POR LA LEY DE DERECHO DE AUTOR Y DERECHOS CONEXOS No. 17.616 DE 10 DE ENERO DE 2003, LEY 17.805 DE 26 DE AGOSTO DE 2004, LEY 18.046 DE 24 DE OCTUBRE DE 2006)&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt; ADVERTENCIA -&lt;/strong&gt; La consulta de este documento queda condicionada a la aceptaci&amp;oacute;n de las siguientes condiciones de uso: Este documento es &amp;uacute;nicamente para usos privados enmarcados en actividades de investigaci&amp;oacute;n y docencia. No se autoriza su reproducci&amp;oacute;n con fines de lucro. Esta reserva de derechos afecta tanto los datos del documento como a sus contenidos. En la utilizaci&amp;oacute;n o cita de partes debe indicarse el nombre de la persona autora.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2018.01.007</text>
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