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                <text>&lt;strong&gt;Can children use the A-not a test?&lt;/strong&gt;</text>
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                <text>Sensory scientists have adapted several sensory methods to fit children's cognitive abilities. Although several discrimination methods have been reported with children, the A-not-A test has not been studied yet. The aims of this work were to: (i) evaluate the feasibility of using the A-Not-A test with school aged children, and (ii) compare how the framing of the question (overall differences vs. differences in liking) may influence the&lt;br /&gt;results. A total of 126 children were involved in the study. They participated in three sessions, each composed of a familiarization task with a visual stimuli and sample tasting with&lt;br /&gt;one of three dairy products (vanilla milk desserts, chocolate-flavored milk, and vanillaflavored yogurt). Half of the children evaluated the samples in terms of overall differences and the other half in terms of differences in liking. Results from the familiarization step showed that children correctly identified the visual reference in the A-not-A test regardless of how the question was framed, suggesting that they were able to understand the methodology. In the case of tasting samples, children were significantly more likely to correctly identify the reference in two of the three studied dairy products, when the question was based on liking, as compared to the framing based on overall differences.</text>
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                <text>&lt;strong&gt;Vel&amp;aacute;zquez, Ana Laura&lt;/strong&gt;</text>
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                <text>Journal of sensory studies, 2022. -- pp. 1-5. -- e12749.</text>
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&lt;p&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;(Por favor lea este aviso antes de abrir los documentos u objetos)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;La legislaci&amp;oacute;n uruguaya protege el derecho de autor&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;sobre toda creaci&amp;oacute;n literaria, cient&amp;iacute;fica o art&amp;iacute;stica, tanto en lo que tiene que ver con sus derechos morales, como en lo referente a los derechos patrimoniales con sujeci&amp;oacute;n a lo establecido por el derecho com&amp;uacute;n y las siguientes leyes (LEY 9.739 DE 17 DE DICIEMBRE DE 1937 SOBRE PROPIEDAD LITERARIA Y ARTISTICA CON LAS MODIFICACIONES INTRODUCIDAS POR LA LEY DE DERECHO DE AUTOR Y DERECHOS CONEXOS No. 17.616 DE 10 DE ENERO DE 2003, LEY 17.805 DE 26 DE AGOSTO DE 2004, LEY 18.046 DE 24 DE OCTUBRE DE 2006 LEY 18.046 DE 24 DE OCTUBRE DE 2006)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a name="docs-internal-guid-9d2103f7-7fff-c813-00c7-2528fd4891ff"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;ADVERTENCIA:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;La consulta de este documento queda condicionada a la aceptaci&amp;oacute;n de las siguientes condiciones de uso: Este documento es &amp;uacute;nicamente para usos privados enmarcados en actividades de investigaci&amp;oacute;n y docencia. No se autoriza su reproducci&amp;oacute;n con fines de lucro. Esta reserva de derechos afecta tanto los datos del documento como a sus contenidos. En la utilizaci&amp;oacute;n o cita de partes debe indicarse el nombre de la persona autora.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;strong&gt;Capturing food-elicited emotions : Facial decoding of children&amp;rsquo;s implicit and explicit responses to tasted samples&lt;/strong&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;p style="margin-bottom: 0cm;" align="LEFT"&gt;&lt;span style="color: #000000;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Charis SIL, Charis SIL, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: #000000;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Charis SIL, Charis SIL, sans-serif;"&gt;Sensory and consumer research increasingly aims to gain direct input from children to study their eating behaviour. However, answering self-administered questionnaires can be challenging for children. In this sense, the prediction of basic emotions via facial decoding, generating quantitative observational data, could offer an alternative to questionnaires. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p style="margin-bottom: 0cm;" align="LEFT"&gt;&lt;span style="color: #000000;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Charis SIL, Charis SIL, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: #000000;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Charis SIL, Charis SIL, sans-serif;"&gt;The present study aimed to measure children&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: #000000;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: STIX, STI Extra, sans-serif;"&gt;&amp;rsquo;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: #000000;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Charis SIL, Charis SIL, sans-serif;"&gt;s implicit and explicit basic emotions elicited by tasting, through the use of facial decoding and compare them to children&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: #000000;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: STIX, STI Extra, sans-serif;"&gt;&amp;rsquo;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: #000000;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Charis SIL, Charis SIL, sans-serif;"&gt;s liking ratings in a case study with flavoured chocolate milk samples. Children aged 9&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: #000000;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: STIX, STI Extra, sans-serif;"&gt;&amp;ndash;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: #000000;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Charis SIL, Charis SIL, sans-serif;"&gt;10 participated in the study (n = 48). Six samples based on two design of experiment factors A&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: #000000;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Charis SIL, Charis SIL, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;em&gt;dded sugar &lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: #000000;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Charis SIL, Charis SIL, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-style: normal;"&gt;(yes / no) and &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: #000000;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Charis SIL, Charis SIL, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Surprise flavour &lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: #000000;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Charis SIL, Charis SIL, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-style: normal;"&gt;(peppermint / liquorice/ no added flavour) were tested. The software iMotions with the AFFDEX algorithm was used for facial decoding. For each sample, facial expression was measured immediately after tasting (implicit basic emotions). Then, children were asked to show a facial expression related to their feelings when they tasted the chocolate milk (explicit basic emotions) and rate their liking on a 7-point-scale. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p style="margin-bottom: 0cm;" align="LEFT"&gt;&lt;span style="color: #000000;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Charis SIL, Charis SIL, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: #000000;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Charis SIL, Charis SIL, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-style: normal;"&gt;Implicit and explicit basic emotion likelihoods from facial decoding were correlated to liking ratings regarding the factor &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: #000000;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Charis SIL, Charis SIL, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Surprise flavour&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: #000000;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Charis SIL, Charis SIL, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-style: normal;"&gt;. As in previous studies, the measurement of implicit basic emotions discriminated samples according to negative emotions (anger and disgust) which had higher likelihoods in disliked samples with &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: #000000;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Charis SIL, Charis SIL, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Surprise flavour &lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: #000000;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Charis SIL, Charis SIL, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-style: normal;"&gt;(peppermint and liquorice). Facial decoding of explicit basic emotions was the only measurement discriminating samples also according to the factor &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: #000000;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Charis SIL, Charis SIL, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Added sugar, &lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: #000000;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Charis SIL, Charis SIL, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-style: normal;"&gt;an advantage over liking ratings. The positive emotion joy, as well as negative emotions (sadness, fear, anger, disgust and contempt), were significant in the explicit evaluation. The results add to previous literature suggesting that the measurement of implicit emotions via facial decoding can be useful to study negative emotions. Further, explicit basic emotions enhanced the discrimination of liked samples with the involved age group. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
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&lt;p dir="ltr"&gt;(Por favor lea este aviso antes de abrir los documentos u objetos)&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p dir="ltr"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;La legislaci&amp;oacute;n uruguaya protege el derecho de autor&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;sobre toda creaci&amp;oacute;n literaria, cient&amp;iacute;fica o art&amp;iacute;stica, tanto en lo que tiene que ver con sus derechos morales, como en lo referente a los derechos patrimoniales con sujeci&amp;oacute;n a lo establecido por el derecho com&amp;uacute;n y las siguientes leyes (LEY 9.739 DE 17 DE DICIEMBRE DE 1937 SOBRE PROPIEDAD LITERARIA Y ARTISTICA CON LAS MODIFICACIONES INTRODUCIDAS POR LA LEY DE DERECHO DE AUTOR Y DERECHOS CONEXOS No. 17.616 DE 10 DE ENERO DE 2003, LEY 17.805 DE 26 DE AGOSTO DE 2004, LEY 18.046 DE 24 DE OCTUBRE DE 2006 LEY 18.046 DE 24 DE OCTUBRE DE 2006)&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;span id="docs-internal-guid-9d2103f7-7fff-c813-00c7-2528fd4891ff"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;ADVERTENCIA:&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;La consulta de este documento queda condicionada a la aceptaci&amp;oacute;n de las siguientes condiciones de uso: Este documento es &amp;uacute;nicamente para usos privados enmarcados en actividades de investigaci&amp;oacute;n y docencia. No se autoriza su reproducci&amp;oacute;n con fines de lucro. Esta reserva de derechos afecta tanto los datos del documento como a sus contenidos. En la utilizaci&amp;oacute;n o cita de partes debe indicarse el nombre de la persona autora.&lt;/span&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;strong&gt;Children&amp;rsquo;s sweet tooth : Explicit ratings vs. Implicit bias measured by the Approach avoidance task (AAT)&lt;/strong&gt;</text>
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                <text>The study aimed to assess the application of the Approach avoidance task (AAT) with children to measure implicit motivational tendencies towards foods differing in sweetness and calorie content and to explore the relationship between approach bias and explicit measurements of expected liking, attitudes, and hunger state and their relation to paired-preference tasks. The simplicity and game-like procedure of the AAT, where participants use a joystick to pull or push pictures, seems particularly suitable to measure implicit motivational biases in children. However, to our knowledge, this approach has not been used with children in a food related context.&lt;br /&gt;Children aged 9&amp;ndash;11 participated in the study (n = 114). Their implicit bias towards pictures of snacks was measured via AAT. The test instruction was based on pushing or pulling the joystick according to picture category, food vs. non-food: food (18 snack pictures varying in sweetness and calorie) vs. non-food (18 pictures visually similar to the respective food stimuli). Further, children rated their expected liking of the snack pictures, answered an attitude questionnaire related to health and sugar consumption, and completed two paired preference tests tasting real samples under blind condition and choosing between a sugar and no-sugar added chocolate milk take-home pack.&lt;br /&gt;The percentage of non-valid AAT responses was relatively high, leading to low testing power. There was a significant difference in approach bias between food pictures and non-food pictures; approach bias was positive for food and slightly negative for non-food. Within food pictures, no significant effect of sweetness nor calorie was found. Nevertheless, children&amp;rsquo;s approach biases were linked to their expected liking ratings, which revealed a clear preference towards high sweetness and high calorie snacks. Individual differences in children&amp;rsquo;s approach bias to pictures differing in sweetness and calorie content were related to their hunger state but not to their attitudes or preference towards chocolate milk, indicating relevance for situational food choices. In the present study, questionnaire-based measurements (affective and cognitive attitude towards sugar, sugar craving and using food as reward) were however associated with children&amp;rsquo;s preference towards chocolate milk (blind and/or informed). Higher scores in the measured attitude subscales craving for sweet food, using food as reward, affective attitude towards sweet food and cognitive attitude towards sweet food were associated with higher odds to choose the sugar added chocolate milk. Methodological considerations and recommendations with regards to the use of approachavoidance testing with children are critically discussed.</text>
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                <text>&lt;p dir="ltr"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Informaci&amp;oacute;n sobre Derechos de Autor&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p dir="ltr"&gt;(Por favor lea este aviso antes de abrir los documentos u objetos)&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p dir="ltr"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;La legislaci&amp;oacute;n uruguaya protege el derecho de autor&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;sobre toda creaci&amp;oacute;n literaria, cient&amp;iacute;fica o art&amp;iacute;stica, tanto en lo que tiene que ver con sus derechos morales, como en lo referente a los derechos patrimoniales con sujeci&amp;oacute;n a lo establecido por el derecho com&amp;uacute;n y las siguientes leyes (LEY 9.739 DE 17 DE DICIEMBRE DE 1937 SOBRE PROPIEDAD LITERARIA Y ARTISTICA CON LAS MODIFICACIONES INTRODUCIDAS POR LA LEY DE DERECHO DE AUTOR Y DERECHOS CONEXOS No. 17.616 DE 10 DE ENERO DE 2003, LEY 17.805 DE 26 DE AGOSTO DE 2004, LEY 18.046 DE 24 DE OCTUBRE DE 2006 LEY 18.046 DE 24 DE OCTUBRE DE 2006)&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;span id="docs-internal-guid-9d2103f7-7fff-c813-00c7-2528fd4891ff"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;ADVERTENCIA:&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;La consulta de este documento queda condicionada a la aceptaci&amp;oacute;n de las siguientes condiciones de uso: Este documento es &amp;uacute;nicamente para usos privados enmarcados en actividades de investigaci&amp;oacute;n y docencia. No se autoriza su reproducci&amp;oacute;n con fines de lucro. Esta reserva de derechos afecta tanto los datos del documento como a sus contenidos. En la utilizaci&amp;oacute;n o cita de partes debe indicarse el nombre de la persona autora.&lt;/span&gt;</text>
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