Degradation of imazalil, orthophenylphenol and pyrimethanil in Clementine mandarins under conventional postharvest industrial conditions at 4 C

The degradation of the postharvest fungicides imazalil, orthophenylphenol, and pyrimethanil was studied
on Clementine mandarins during packinghouse storage for a 28 day period at 4
C. Fruits to which
orthophenylphenol was applied, were treated with imazalil and pyrimethanil at doses of 1000 and
2000 mg L
1, using cascade application for the later and cascade and wax for the former. The decay of
the three fungicides was evaluated using an in-house validated analytical procedure that includes the
extraction and dispersive clean up of the samples followed by the GC–MS determination of the pesticide
residues. The impact of fruit storage time on pesticide residues concentration was assessed. The residues
found for the different application technologies were always below the established Maximum Residue
Limits by the Codex Alimentarius and the European Union (5 mg kg
1 for imazalil, 7 and 8 mg kg
1 for
pyrimethanil, and 10 mg kg
1 and 5 mg kg
1 for orthophenylphenol). The fungicides dissipated differentially.
Pyrimethanil showed little degradation, if any, at both tested concentrations, but the half-life of
imazalil on the fruit was 15–18 days, independent of the application technology. Orthophenylphenol
dissipated with a half-life of 15 days. The initial imazalil residue found after cascade treatment was
not significantly different between the doses studied (p < 0.5), whereas when the fungicide was included
in wax as an emulsifiable concentrate the initial and final imazalil residues were significantly different.
Final residue levels after 28 days of storage were 0.12–0.24 mg kg
1 for imazalil, 0.68 mg kg
1 for
2-phenylphenol and 0.56 mg kg
1 for pyrimethanil for all the evaluated treatments

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