The Enzymatic and Structural Basis for Inhibition of Echinococcus granulosus Thioredoxin Glutathione Reductase by Gold(I)

Dublin Core

Title

The Enzymatic and Structural Basis for Inhibition of Echinococcus granulosus Thioredoxin Glutathione Reductase by Gold(I)

Subject

ECHINOCOCCUS GRANULOSUS
ENZIMAS
TIOREDOXINA
BIBLIOGRAFIA NACIONAL QUIMICA
2017

Abstract

Aims: New drugs are needed to treat flatworm infections that cause severe human diseases such as schistosomiasis. The unique flatworm enzyme thioredoxin glutathione reductase (TGR), structurally different from the human enzyme, is a key drug target. Structural studies of the flatworm Echinococcus granulosus TGR, free and complexed with AuI-MPO, a novel gold inhibitor, together with inhibition assays were performed. Results: AuI-MPO is a potent TGR inhibitor that achieves 75% inhibition at a 1:1 TGR:Au ratio and efficiently kills E. granulosus in vitro. The structures revealed salient insights: (i) unique monomer–monomer interactions, (ii) distinct binding sites for thioredoxin and the glutaredoxin (Grx) domain, (iii) a single glutathione disulfide reduction site in the Grx domain, (iv) rotation of the Grx domain toward the Sec-containing redox active site, and (v) a single gold atom bound to Cys519 and Cys573 in the AuI-TGR complex. Structural modeling suggests that these residues are involved in the stabilization of the Sec-containing C-terminus. Consistently, Cys→Ser mutations in these residues decreased TGR activities. Mass spectroscopy confirmed these cysteines are the primary binding site. Innovation: The identification of a primary site for gold binding and the structural model provide a basis for gold compound optimization through scaffold adjustments. Conclusions: The structural study revealed that TGR functions are achieved not only through a mobile Sec-containing redox center but also by rotation of the Grx domain and distinct binding sites for Grx domain and thioredoxin. The conserved Cys519 and Cys573 residues targeted by gold assist catalysis through stabilization of the Sec-containing redox center. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 27, 1491–1504.

Creator

Gao, Wei
Wang, Yang
Bonilla, Mariana.
Yu, Long
Novikov, Andrei
Virginio, Veridiana G.
Ferreira, Henrique V.
Vieites, Marisol
Gladyshev, Vadim N.
Dai, Shaodong

Source

Antioxidants & Redox Signaling v. 27, no. 18, 2017. -- p. 1491-1504

Publisher

Mary Ann Liebert, Inc

Date

2017

Rights

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Format

pdf

Language

Inglés

Type

Artículo

Identifier

DOI: 10.1089/ars.2016.6816

Document Item Type Metadata

Original Format

PDF
Date Added
January 2, 2018
Collection
Bibliografía Nacional Química
Item Type
Document
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Citation
Salinas, Gustavo. et al., “The Enzymatic and Structural Basis for Inhibition of Echinococcus granulosus Thioredoxin Glutathione Reductase by Gold(I),” RIQUIM - Repositorio Institucional de la Facultad de Química - UdelaR, accessed November 17, 2025, https://riquim.fq.edu.uy/items/show/4809.