Characterization of the immunosuppressive environment induced by larval Echinococcus granulosus during chronic experimental infection

Dublin Core

Title

Characterization of the immunosuppressive environment induced by larval Echinococcus granulosus during chronic experimental infection

Subject

ECHINOCOCCUS GRANULOSUS
MACROFAGO
INMUNOSUPRESION
BIBLIOGRAFIA NACIONAL QUIMICA
2024

Abstract

The larval stage of Echinococcus granulosus causes the chronic infection known as cystic echinococcosis, deploying strong inhibitory mechanisms on host immune responses. Using experimental intraperitoneal infection in C57BL/6 mice, we carried out an in-depth analysis of the local changes in macrophage populations associated with chronic infection. In addition, we analyzed T cells and relevant soluble mediators. Infected animals showed an increase in local cell numbers, mostly accounted for by eosinophils, T cells, and macrophages. Within macrophage populations, the largest increases in cell numbers corresponded to resident large peritoneal macrophages (LPM). Monocyte recruitment appeared to be active, as judged by the increased number of monocytes and cells in the process of differentiation towards LPM, including small (SPM) and converting peritoneal macrophages (CPM). In contrast, we found no evidence of macrophage proliferation. Infection induced the expression of M2 markers in SPM, CPM, and LPM. It also enhanced the expression of the co-inhibitor PD-L1 in LPM, SPM, and CPM and induced the co-inhibitor PD-L2 in SPM and CPM. Therefore, local macrophages acquire M2-like phenotypes with probable suppressive capacities. Regarding T cells, infection induced an increase in the percentage of CD4+ cells that are PD-1+, which represent a potential target of suppression by PD-L1+/PD-L2+ macrophages. In possible agreement, CD4+ T cells from infected animals showed blunted proliferative responses to in vitro stimulation with anti-CD3. Further evidence of immune suppression in the parasite vicinity arose from the observation of an expansion in FoxP3+ CD4+ regulatory T cells and increases in the local concentrations of the anti-inflammatory cytokines TGF-β and IL-1Ra.

Creator

Grezzi, Leticia
Martínez, Yamila E.
Barrios, Anabella A.
Díaz, Alvaro
Casaravilla, Cecilia

Source

Infection and Immunity v. 92, n°2, 2024

Publisher

American Society for Microbiology

Date

2024

Rights

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Format

PDF

Extent

19 p.

Language

Inglés

Type

Artículo

Identifier

10.1128/iai.00276-23

Document Item Type Metadata

Original Format

PDF
Date Added
May 28, 2024
Collection
Bibliografía Nacional Química
Item Type
Document
Tags
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Citation
Grezzi, Leticia et al., “Characterization of the immunosuppressive environment induced by larval Echinococcus granulosus during chronic experimental infection,” RIQUIM - Repositorio Institucional de la Facultad de Química - UdelaR, accessed November 17, 2025, https://riquim.fq.edu.uy/items/show/6799.